This documentation explains how the eCos HAL specification has been
mapped onto the IXDP425 hardware, and should be read in conjunction
with that specification. The IXDP425 platform HAL package complements
the ARM architectural HAL, the XScale variant HAL and the IXP425 processor
HAL. It provides functionality which is specific to the target board.
Startup
Following a hard or soft reset, the HAL will initialize or
reinitialize most of the on-chip peripherals. There is an exception
for RAM startup applications which depend on a ROM monitor for certain
services.
For ROM or ROMRAM startup, the HAL will perform additional
initialization, setting up the external RAM and programming the
various internal registers. This is all done in the
PLATFORM_SETUP1 macro in the assembler
header file hal_platform_setup.h.
LED Codes
Unless the Compact Flash IDE
configuration option is selected, RedBoot uses the 4 digit LED
display to indicate status during board initialization. Possible codes
are:
LED Actions
-------------------------------------------------------------
Power-On/Reset
Set the CPSR
Enable coprocessor access
Drain write and fill buffer
Setup expansion bus chip selects
1001
Enable Icache
1002
Initialize SDRAM controller
1003
Switch flash (CS0) from 0x00000000 to 0x50000000
1004
Copy MMU table to RAM
1005
Setup TTB and domain permissions
1006
Enable MMU
1007
Enable DCache
1008
Enable branch target buffer
1009
Drain write and fill buffer
Flush caches
100A
Start up the eCos kernel or RedBoot
0001
Linker Scripts and Memory Maps
The platform HAL package provides the memory layout information needed
to generate the linker script. The key memory locations are as follows:
Flash
This is located at address 0x50000000 of the physical memory space.
At initialization, the HAL uses the MMU to retain it at virtual
address 0x50000000, while also providing an uncached mapping at
0xB0000000 and a data coherent mapping at 0xA0000000.
SDRAM
This is located at address 0x00000000 of the physical memory
space. The HAL uses the MMU to retain this at virtual address 0x00000000, along
with an alias at 0x10000000. The same memory is also accessible uncached at
virtual location 0x20000000 for use by devices, and at 0x30000000
for data coherent access. The
first 32 bytes are used for hardware exception vectors. The next 32
bytes are used for the VSR table and the next 256 bytes are normally
used for the eCos virtual vectors, allowing RAM-based applications to
use services provided by the ROM monitor. Memory is required for the
MMU tables, and must be aligned on a 16Kbyte boundary. These therefore
occupy memory from 0x4000 to 0x8000. For ROM/ROMRAM startup, all
remaining SDRAM is available. For RAM startup, available RAM starts at
virtual location 0x00080000, with the bottom 512 kilobytes reserved for use
by RedBoot.
On-chip Peripheral Registers
There are several regions in the memory map devoted to on-chip peripherals
or on-chip device controllers. When the MMU is enabled, all these regions
are set up with a direct, uncached and unbuffered mapping so that these
registers remain accessible at their physical locations.
As such, the address space for the AHB Queue Manager (AQM) resides at
0x60000000; the PCI controller resides at 0xC0000000; the expansion bus
controller configuration registers reside at 0xC4000000; the SDRAM
controller configuration registers resides at 0xCC000000; and all
remaining IXP425 on-chip peripherals reside in the block at 0xC8000000.
This latter block includes peripheral control for on-chip high-speed
and console UARTs, internal bus performance monitoring unit, interrupt
controller, GPIO controller, timers, WAN/Voice and Ethernet NPEs,
Ethernet MACs, and the USB controller.
Off-chip Peripherals
RedBoot and eCos access the SDRAM, parallel NOR flash, and hex display
on CS2 (mapped to 0x52000000). In addition a CompactFlash True IDE mode disk may be accessed
via the expansion bus on CS1/CS2 (0x51000000/0x52000000), although the
hex display is not usable in that case.
In addition a 64MiB PCI window is mapped to 0x48000000, for communication
with devices on the PCI bus.
RedBoot and eCos do not currently make any use of any other off-chip
peripherals present on the IXDP425 board.
Memory map summary
The virtual memory maps in this section use a C, B, and X column to indicate
the caching policy for the region.
The IXDP425 platform HAL does not affect the implementation of other
parts of the eCos HAL specification. The XScale variant HAL, the IXP4xx
processor HAL documentation and the ARM
architectural HAL documentation should be consulted for further
details.
